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RETIREOMICSretirement decision model
← All sample households
Worked example · computed live · published rules

We think we’re fine. Are we?

Watch the model reach an answer for the Hallorans, and then decline to stand behind it.

What the report will stand behind

  • Position · Provisional
  • Capacity · Provisional
  • Timing · Provisional
  • Claiming · Unavailable
  • Uncertainty · Unavailable
  • Survivor · Unavailable

The Hallorans came in fairly confident, and the arithmetic agrees with them: the money lasts. Nothing on this card is a warning. Every one of the six is marked this way because something was left unanswered, not because a number came out badly.

Half withheld

Being told you are fine is not the same as being fine, and the gap between the two is filled with things nobody checked. Most of what is missing here is not expertise and not money. It is two Social Security statements, a date against their balances, and a straight answer on whether either of them has a pension — paperwork already in their house. Any other calculator would have taken the same half-answers and handed back a number. This one lists what it does not have, so the confidence they end up with is one they can stand on.

The Hallorans

61 and 59, Raleigh, North Carolina

The Hallorans are 61 and 59, in Raleigh, with about $410,000. They came in reasonably confident and answered roughly half of what we asked.

What they have

Taxable
$95,000
Tax-deferred
$310,000
Tax Advantage (Roth)
$30,000
Social Security at 67
$2,700/mo + $1,900/mo
Spending
$5,800/mo
Health cover before Medicare
$1,200/mo

What they’re asking

We think we are fine. Are we?

How much of this did you just make up?

Their arithmetic works. The money lasts. And their report still declines to tell them they are fine — because they answered about half of what it asked. No date on the balances, so we know what they typed but not what month it was true. No Social Security statement, so the benefit figures are recalled rather than read. Pension never answered at all, which is not the same as answering no. Every headline they get is stamped Provisional, with the specific missing document named beside it, and the claiming comparison is withheld outright. Any other calculator would have given them a number and let them believe it.

The report works through these in its own order. Every one of them is answered — the answers are gathered at the end.

Run the numbers.

The full report is below, computed in your browser from exactly the figures above. Nothing is withheld and nothing is a screenshot — the controls in it work, and moving one re-runs the whole projection.

1 · Position

The headline number is there. It is stamped Provisional, and beside it is the reason and what would settle it. Not a warning banner — a specific, closeable gap.

1 · Position

They never gave a statement date for their balances. So we know what they typed; we do not know what month it was true. That is the difference between a fact and a figure, and the report keeps them apart.

4 · Choices

The claiming comparison is Unavailable, not Provisional. They never said which month they intend to claim, and a claiming comparison without it would be arithmetic pretending to be an answer.

5 · Uncertainty

The gap ledger. Ten items, each with the question that closes it. This is the page that turns a caveat into a to-do list.

You now know enough to know who to call

Nobody yet — and that is the point

“Answer the ten questions on this page first, then decide whether you need anyone at all.”

Most of what is missing here is not expertise. It is paperwork they already own: two Social Security statements, a balance date, and a straight answer on whether either of them has a pension.

← All sample households
SAMPLE HOUSEHOLD · CALCULATED IN YOUR BROWSER
A print copy of everything below.
Your result in one sentenceProvisional · rests on 10 open inputs or assumptions
What the four states mean

How to read this report

Each result carries one of four states — a statement about the evidence behind the number, never a judgement about your finances.

Complete
Everything it needs was entered and is current.
Provisional
Calculable, but resting on a named estimate or gap.
Unavailable
Withheld on purpose — guessing would look trustworthy and be wrong.
Not applicable
Checked, and it does not apply to you.

A blank field is never read as a zero. If you never told us about a pension, this report says so.

This projection reaches age 100 with $167,205 still in savings.

Nothing in the model runs out inside the years you asked about. What follows is where that figure comes from, and what it rests on.

Arrives each month

$0

Nothing arrives yet at this date

You plan to spend

$6,600

$0 essentials + $0 extras

Comes from savings

$6,600

$79,235 a year, 18.2% of entered savings

ScenarioTwo-person retirement planSample household · illustrative figures
Born1965 + 1967
Retire2030
Starting savings$435,000
Monthly spending$5,800
View throughAge 100
01

Where the money comes from

On the date you chose, what arrives and what do you plan to spend?

$0$1,948$3,896$5,844$7,791$6,603$6,603Planned spendingeach month
  • From savings

Read this as

Nothing arrives yet at this date, so the full $6,600 you plan to spend each month comes out of savings.

Provisional

Your account balances carry no measurement date. Add the date you read these balances from a statement.

Your healthcare cost is an estimate rather than a quoted premium. Add a plan name and a quoted monthly premium.

The pension question has not been answered, so a $0 cannot be read as "no pension". Answer whether a pension applies — "no" is a real answer and firms this up.

The modelling assumptions we started you with have not been reviewed. Open the modelling assumptions panel and keep or change each one.

Your age at the target date is worked out from a year, not a date. Add your date of birth.

Show the workingThe three figures in full, the formula, and what is deliberately left out of this headline
Where you stand

Cash flow on June 30, 2030

Your chosen spending for the year$79,235
Provisional

Your account balances carry no measurement date. Add the date you read these balances from a statement.

Your healthcare cost is an estimate rather than a quoted premium. Add a plan name and a quoted monthly premium.

The pension question has not been answered, so a $0 cannot be read as "no pension". Answer whether a pension applies — "no" is a real answer and firms this up.

The modelling assumptions we started you with have not been reviewed. Open the modelling assumptions panel and keep or change each one.

Your age at the target date is worked out from a year, not a date. Add your date of birth.

Social SecurityNot yetStarts later in the timeline
PensionNot answeredNobody has told us yet
Other regular incomeNone enteredRental, part-time work, annuities
How this number was worked outThe rule, the published source, and the arithmetic — line by line

This figure uses no investment return and no inflation forecast. It is arithmetic on the amounts you entered, at the date you chose, in today's dollars.

How to read the bar: Blue shows income meeting part of the year's spending. Orange shows the amount drawn from savings. When income is $0, the bar is entirely orange.

income arriving at June 30, 2030
  Social Security                 $0
  pension                         $0
  other regular income            $0
                                  ------------
                                  $0

spending chosen for that year     $79,235

position = $0 - $79,235 = -$79,235 drawn from savings

What is not in here: tax on the withdrawal and the health premium are modelled elsewhere in the projection but are not netted into this headline. This page answers what arrives against what you plan to spend, and nothing more.

02

How long the savings last

How far do the savings you entered reach?

Savings hold through age 100, with $167,205 left

Age, from the first year of retirement

Read this as

You entered $435,000. At this pace it is still there at 100, with $167,205 left. The first year draws $79,235, 18.2% of it.

Provisional

Your account balances carry no measurement date. Add the date you read these balances from a statement.

Your healthcare cost is an estimate rather than a quoted premium. Add a plan name and a quoted monthly premium.

The pension question has not been answered, so a $0 cannot be read as "no pension". Answer whether a pension applies — "no" is a real answer and firms this up.

The modelling assumptions we started you with have not been reviewed. Open the modelling assumptions panel and keep or change each one.

Your spending is one figure, so this page cannot show which part of the gap is optional. Split your monthly spending into what must be paid and what you would choose to spend.

Show the workingThe first-year draw two ways, the balances it is measured against, and the main inputs behind it

How much of your savings does your first year of spending use?

The same first-year draw, compared two ways

The model shows $79,235 coming from savings in the first year — 18.2% of the $435,000 you entered.

Provisional

Your account balances carry no measurement date. Add the date you read these balances from a statement.

Your healthcare cost is an estimate rather than a quoted premium. Add a plan name and a quoted monthly premium.

The pension question has not been answered, so a $0 cannot be read as "no pension". Answer whether a pension applies — "no" is a real answer and firms this up.

The modelling assumptions we started you with have not been reviewed. Open the modelling assumptions panel and keep or change each one.

Your spending is one figure, so this page cannot show which part of the gap is optional. Split your monthly spending into what must be paid and what you would choose to spend.

The same first-year draw, compared with the savings you entered and the balance the model calculates for this report.
Compared withSavings balanceFirst-year drawSource
Savings you enteredWhat you told us you have$435,00018.2%Your input
Balance the model calculatesAfter monthly saving, growth, and withdrawals to this point$515,92915.4%Model calculation

About the second row. The model calculates that balance after applying monthly saving, growth, and withdrawals to this point. It depends on the assumptions you entered, including the 8% annual return.

What shapes this scenarioThe main inputs behind your resultThese are the main inputs used to build this scenario. Each row explains how the model uses that input and shows one related result. The table does not rank the inputs or say which one matters most.
Monthly spending$5,800/mo
Model treatment

Base input is $5,800/mo; first-retirement modeled cost is about $6,603/mo after modeled additions.

Result signal

$6,603/mo is the first-year portfolio need before both claimed benefits begin.

Starting savings$435,000
Model treatment

Provides the initial funding base across taxable, tax-deferred, and Tax Advantage (Roth) accounts.

Result signal

$167,205 remains at the selected horizon in this path.

Social Security$2,700 + $1,900/mo at stated ages
Model treatment

Adds household income when each person claims.

Result signal

Household Social Security modeled at $4,600/mo once both benefits are in payment; this can differ from the entered reference amounts.

Retirement timing2030
Model treatment

Sets the end of saving and the start of portfolio-funded spending.

Result signal

Funded through age 100 at the selected timeline.

Market assumptions8% retirement accounts; 3% taxable/cash
Model treatment

Retirement accounts and taxable/cash balances use separate growth assumptions; volatility affects the range test.

Result signal

12% volatility is used for the 300-path market stress test.

Inflation and tax2.5% inflation; NC tax treatment
Model treatment

Future costs are reported in today’s dollars; modeled tax and IRMAA are added to spending where applicable.

Result signal

The tax result is a planning estimate, not a tax-return calculation.

Health costs$1,200/mo before Medicare; Medicare on
Model treatment

Health insurance, Medicare Part B, and applicable IRMAA can be added to modeled expense.

Result signal

Part D plan premiums, Medigap, and Medicare Advantage premiums are not included.

03

Your timeline

When does anything actually change?

2026202820302032203420362038204020422044Work income stopsTax-deferred withdrawals beginYoustill workingMedicare age · 65Social Security begins · $2,700/mo · 67Required withdrawals begin · 75Horizon · 100SpouseMedicare age · 65Benefit rises to $4,600/mo · 672065
  • Your choice
  • Automatic at that age
  • Happens to the whole plan
  • Health cover paid out of pocket · 2 years before Medicare
  • Axis breaks after 2044: nothing changes between there and the horizon
Retirement cash flow

How spending is funded

Monthly spending is covered by modeled income first, then by the account sources shown in the legend.

Showing: Today's $. Shown in today's dollars. Every year is measured at today's buying power, so each figure compares directly with your budget now. Inflation is already allowed for: a level amount is one that keeps pace with prices, not one that never rises.

Read this as

7 dated changes in income or cost between retirement and age 100. The first, in 2030: work income stops.

Provisional

Dates below are placed to the year because this date was reconstructed from a saved birth year. Add your date of birth to place each event in the right month.

The month work income stops has not been given. Add the month you plan to stop working.

Your spouse's work-exit month has not been given. Add the month your spouse plans to stop working.

Show the workingEvery dated change in income or cost, why it happens, and what health cover costs year by year
  • 2030 · you are 65, your spouse 63 · your choice

    Work income stops. Withdrawals begin.

    No income arrives yet, so your savings carry all $79,235 of spending until the first payment starts in 2032.

  • 2030 · you are 65, your spouse 63 · automatic

    You reach Medicare age.

    Your Part B premium and any income-related surcharge begin. Your spouse is not eligible for another 2 years, so private cover for them continues until 2032 — the part of the $1,200/mo premium that is theirs does not end here.

  • 2031 · you are 66, your spouse 64 · automatic

    Withdrawals start coming from tax-deferred savings.

    Taxable and cash accounts are close to exhausted. Money drawn from here is taxed as ordinary income.

  • 2032 · you are 67, your spouse 65 · automatic

    Your spouse reaches Medicare age.

    Private cover ends for the household. Both of you are now on Part B, each with your own premium and any surcharge priced off the same household income.

  • 2032 · you are 67, your spouse 65 · your choice

    Social Security begins — $2,700 a month.

    The monthly draw on savings moves from about $6,609 to about $3,945.

  • 2034 · you are 69, your spouse 67 · your choice

    Household benefit rises to $4,600 a month.

    The second benefit starts. The years before this point are the stretch your savings have to cover.

  • 2040 · you are 75, your spouse 73 · automatic

    Required minimum distributions begin.

    Born in 1965, your applicable age is 75 under current rules. A minimum amount must come out of tax-deferred accounts each year whether or not you need it.

Supporting: health coverage timelineWhat cover costs, year by year, and where the figure came from
What your healthcare actually costsUnavailable

The pre-Medicare premium is an estimate with no plan behind it. Add a plan name and a quoted premium.

Whether that premium covers one person or two has not been recorded. Say who the premium covers.

04

What changes the picture

Which single changes move this, and by how much?

What moves the answer mostOne change at a time, by size of effectEach row re-runs the whole model with a single input changed and nothing else touched. Ordering describes size, not preference: none of these is recommended.
  • Retiring 2 years later

    +$638,957 at age 100

    65100

    Retirement year 2030 → 2032 (age 67)

  • Spending $500/mo less

    +$476,807 at age 100

    65100

    Monthly living expense $5,800 → $5,300

  • Claiming Social Security at 70

    +$34,995 at age 100

    65100

    Claim age 67 → 70

  • Your plan as entered
  • With this one change
  • Each re-runs the model with one input moved and everything else held. Modeled outcomes, not recommendations.

Read this as

Each card re-runs the whole model with one entry moved and everything else held exactly as you entered it. None of them is a recommendation. Stop 5 lets you move any of them yourself.

Not applicable

A comparison needs a baseline and one alternative you choose. None has been selected. Pick one thing to change, and this page fills in.

Show the workingThe comparison you chose, all nine claiming ages side by side, and the questions worth taking to a professional
Supporting: comparing claiming agesAll nine claiming ages from 62 to 70, run through the same model
What your benefits are worth at different claiming agesUnavailable

Your exact date of birth is needed. Add your date of birth.

The month and year you expect benefits to begin are needed. Add the month and year you expect benefits to begin.

Your spouse's exact date of birth is needed. Add your spouse's date of birth.

The month and year your spouse expects benefits to begin are needed. Add the month and year your spouse expects benefits to begin.

Questions worth taking to a professional
  • Taxable savings run out before your tax-deferred money is touched. Is there a withdrawal sequence that handles that transition better than taxable, then tax-deferred, then Roth?
  • There is a stretch at the start of retirement with no Social Security arriving. Is drawing on savings through it the right shape, or is there a case for claiming earlier?
  • You have $310,000 in tax-deferred savings and a stretch before required distributions begin. Does a Roth conversion belong in the conversation?
  • No pension has been recorded for this household. Is that because there is none, or because it has not been checked?
  • Long-term care is not in these numbers at all. What would it take to cover it, and is that a cost this plan could absorb?
05

Explore a different scenario

What happens if you change one of these yourself?

Move a control and the path redraws against your original

Interactive what-if

Explore a different scenario

Your original inputs stay unchanged.

Original scenario
Drag to explore a comfortable range, or enter an exact amount. Results update immediately as a valid value changes.
$/ mo
Unchanged
Age 69 gives the highest ending balance in this comparison. That is a model result, not an automatic recommendation — claiming earlier buys years of income you can spend. Select it to load that age.
Unchanged
Age 66 gives the highest ending balance for your spouse in this comparison. That is a model result, not an automatic recommendation. Select it to load that age.
Unchanged
Changes the age shown in this comparison. The engine's long-life stress test still runs through age 100; this does not predict how long anyone will live.
Unchanged
Funded through age 100
Assets at 100$167,205
ChangeNo change
Original at 100$167,205
06

How sure we are

What could weaken all of this?

In 46 of every 100 modelled market histories, savings were still there at 100. In 54 they were not.

  • Still there at 100
  • Ran out before 100

Each dot stands for one in a hundred of the modelled paths, not for a year or a person. These are modelled outcomes under the entered return and volatility, not a forecast or a likelihood of your actual result.

Read this as

46 of every 100 modelled market histories still had savings at 100. Only the order the returns arrive in varies between them; every other assumption on this page is held.

Unavailable

This page reports risk through a lens you choose, and none has been selected. Choose which uncertainty to look through — "none in particular" is a valid choice.

Show the workingThe risk you chose to look through, every open entry, and the stress test with the range of balances over time
Testing the plan against market ups and downsHow much could the result vary?Stress test: 300 different return scenarios, not 300 predictions of your future.
Weaker 10%Depletes around age 78
MedianDepletes around age 98
Stronger 10%Funded through age 100

46% of modeled return paths stay funded through age 100. The model ran 300 paths using the entered 8% return and 12% volatility assumptions. These paths show how outcomes vary; they are not forecasts or probabilities about one specific future.

Balance range over timeP10–P90 modeled balance rangeThe shaded band contains the weaker-to-stronger 80% range; the line is the median path.
Order of returnsThe same returns, in two different ordersOne set of 40 yearly returns, averaging 7.3%, run best-first and then worst-first. Nothing else changes between the two columns.
Good years firstFunded through age 100$2,487,027 at age 100
Bad years firstDepletes at 68$0 at age 100

$2,487,027 separates the two at age 100, from ordering alone. The two paths begin to diverge at age 61. Poor returns early in retirement are withdrawn against a smaller balance, which the same returns arriving later do not do. This is one illustration, not a prediction.

Read the chart as a range of modeled account balances, not as a probability forecast. The 10th, 50th, and 90th percentile paths use the same seeded 300-path stress test summarized above.

View balance-range dataEvery fifth age, with the weaker, median and stronger paths side by side
AgeWeaker 10%MedianStronger 10%
61$435,000$435,000$435,000
65$397,821$517,300$643,316
70$138,103$316,408$608,371
75$52,045$284,725$703,813
80$0$248,192$762,616
85$0$202,791$914,747
90$0$139,239$970,409
95$0$53,981$1,042,525
100$0$0$1,094,499

Read that result carefully. A funded-paths figure is a property of the assumptions, not evidence that a plan is safe. Every one of those runs began from a 8% average return, every one included your other income arriving without fail, and none of them included long-term care, Part D, Medigap, or a cost basis different from the one entered. The test varies one thing — the order market returns arrive in — and holds every other uncertainty on this page fixed.

07

What would sharpen this

Which entries is this result still resting on?

What would sharpen this

3 figures would sharpen this picture

Everything above rests on what you entered. These are the entries the model had to estimate or was never given. None of them is a criticism, and each one moves the result.

7 further entries are open but would move the picture less. All of them are listed in the ledger below.

  • Your assumption · Pre-Medicare health cover

    $1,200/mo

    Part D, Medigap or Advantage, dental, vision and hearing are outside the model. Your real cost after 65 is higher than modelled by an unknown amount.

    Where to get itPrice a marketplace plan for your household at healthcare.gov for the years before Medicare, or read the premium off your current plan’s renewal notice.

  • Not answered · Long-term care

    Not answered

    Not modelled at all. For a household planning into their nineties, this is the largest single cost that could arrive and has no place in these numbers.

    Where to get itA long-term care insurance quote, or your state’s published survey of nursing-home and home-care costs.

  • Your assumption · Tax-deferred and Roth growth rate

    8% a year, 12% volatility

    This is the figure the tool started you with, not one you researched. Every balance after the target date depends on it.

    Where to get itYour own account statements: the annualised return over the last five to ten years, and the volatility stated on the fund fact sheets.

08

How taxes and Medicare costs change over time

What does the plan pay in tax and Medicare surcharges each year, and why does that move?

Taxes and Medicare surcharges

What tax and surcharges cost each month, by age

Federal tax, capital gains tax, state tax and the Medicare income-related surcharge (IRMAA) in the selected projection, as monthly amounts.

Showing: Today's $. Shown in today's dollars. Every year is measured at today's buying power, so each figure compares directly with your budget now. Inflation is already allowed for: a level amount is one that keeps pace with prices, not one that never rises.

Why the chart has this shape
  • Required minimum distributions from tax-deferred accounts begin at age 75 for someone born in 1965. From then on the model withdraws at least the required amount each year, and that withdrawal is taxed as ordinary income whether or not the spending needs it.

Tax and surcharge figures are planning estimates, not filing calculations. Uses selected public IRS/SSA/CMS source material; Retireomics is not affiliated with or endorsed by any government agency.

Inspect the numbers

Every input, rule and simplification

Open any of these to check the working. Nothing in this report is hidden behind a score, and nothing here is a recommendation.

Your inputsEverything you entered, and the plan it describes

Retirement 2030; spending $5,800/mo; savings $435,000; Social Security ages 67/67.

How the result is builtThe order the model spends from, and what it does before retirement

Starting savings are split across taxable/cash $95,000, tax-deferred $310,000, and Tax Advantage (Roth) $30,000. Contributions continue until retirement when salary is entered; retirement spending is funded by modeled income first, then taxable/cash, tax-deferred, and Tax Advantage (Roth) balances.

Model rulesThe rules applied to this household, and the dollars everything is shown in

Projection through age 100 in this view; the engine stress test still runs through age 100; today's dollars; 300 Monte Carlo trials; account-specific withdrawal and tax treatment.

Not modeled, or simplifiedWhere the model stops, in its own words

Pre-retirement spending and income tax are not modeled. Medicare includes Part B and applicable IRMAA only; Part D plan premiums, Medigap, and Medicare Advantage premiums are not included. Tax, Social Security, and health estimates should be verified against your own documents.

Calculation traceEvery step from your entries to the figures above, with input, operation and result
  1. 1. Starting balance $435,000 total: $95,000 taxable/cash + $310,000 tax-deferred + $30,000 Tax Advantage (Roth) $435,000 enters the projection
  2. 2. Timeline Retirement year 2030: The model starts retirement withdrawals at age 65 and runs through age 100. Selected projection uses claim age 67 and spouse age 67
  3. 3. Income and cost First retired year 2030: $5,800/mo base spending + $803/mo modeled additions; income offsets the cost first. $0/mo modeled income; $6,603/mo total expense
  4. 4. Portfolio funding First retired year 2030: After modeled income, withdrawals use taxable/cash, then tax-deferred, then Tax Advantage (Roth); any remaining need is recorded as shortfall. $6,603/mo withdrawn; $0/mo shortfall
  5. 5. Selected endpoint Fixed 8.0% annual return path: Monthly balances, taxes, inflation, Medicare/IRMAA, and entered income rules are applied through age 100. $167,205 at age 100
  6. 6. Range test 300 seeded return paths: Each path varies annual returns around 8.0% using 12.0% volatility; the seed keeps the screen and PDF reproducible. 137 of 300 paths funded through age 100 (46%)

Their questions, answered

What the report told them

Every figure below comes from the report above — nothing here is worked out separately, and each answer links to the stop that shows how it was reached.

“We think we are fine. Are we?”

The arithmetic says the money lasts. The report will not tell you that you are fine. Those are not the same sentence, and the difference is the point. On a steady return your savings reach 100; under the stress test 137 of 300 paths do, 46%. But three of your headline results are marked Provisional and three are withheld altogether, because about half of what we asked went unanswered. A number resting on half the evidence is not a finding, and this report will not dress one up as one.

1 · Position5 · Uncertainty

“How much of this did you just make up?”

None of it — but four figures here are ours rather than yours, and the ledger names all ten gaps. You gave balances with no date, so we know what you typed and not what month it was true. Social Security figures with no statement behind them, so they are recalled rather than read. No answer on a pension at all, which is not the same as answering no. No intended claiming month, which is why the claiming comparison is withheld instead of estimated. Every one of those is a document you already own.

5 · Uncertainty1 · Position

What we could not tell them

Whether they are fine. They probably are. But "probably" built on half the evidence is not a finding, and a calculator that says it anyway is the reason people stop trusting calculators.

Your turn

Their arithmetic worked and the report still would not confirm it. Find out which of your own answers are still missing.

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