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RETIREOMICSretirement decision model
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Worked example · computed live · published rules

Can I stay in the house on a survivor benefit?

Watch the model answer two of Marguerite’s three questions — and say plainly that it cannot answer the third.

Her three questions

  • AnsweredCan I stay in the house?
  • AnsweredWhy did my taxes go up after Bill died?
  • We can’tCould I switch to my own benefit at 70?

Well-meaning people have told Marguerite all sorts of things, and she has no way to check any of it. Two of her questions have answers below. The third we do not model at all: answering it needs an earnings record only Social Security holds. So we say so, and send her to the one place that has it.

Two of three

A report can honestly say one of four things about any number: we have it, we think we have it, we don’t have it, or there is nothing here to have. Most calculators only ever say the first. They fill the gaps with something reasonable and print it in the same font as everything else, so you cannot tell which is which. That is the real harm — not a wrong number, but a believable one that stops you asking. Marguerite would never have made the call. This report says which of the four it is, every time, and where something is missing it says what would close the gap.

Marguerite Boateng

66, Tucson, Arizona

Marguerite is 66, in Tucson, and was widowed two years ago. She receives $2,480 a month as a survivor benefit and has $400,000 across three accounts.

What they have

Taxable
$85,000
Tax-deferred
$290,000
Tax Advantage (Roth)
$25,000
Social Security
$2,480/mo, claimed
Spending
$4,000/mo

What they’re asking

Can I stay in the house?

Someone at church said I could switch to my own benefit at 70. Can I?

My taxes went up the year after Bill died and nobody warned me. Why?

She is here because of what her report will not tell her. Two of her three questions have clear answers. The third is the most valuable one she has, and the honest response to it is a phone number rather than a number.

The report works through these in its own order. Every one of them is answered — the answers are gathered at the end.

Run the numbers.

The full report is below, computed in your browser from exactly the figures above. Nothing is withheld and nothing is a screenshot — the controls in it work, and moving one re-runs the whole projection.

1 · Position

Her plan reaches the end of the projection and every result is marked Complete — she answered everything we asked. Read it beside the stress test, though: 160 of 300 paths last that long. Complete evidence and a comfortable margin are different claims.

2 · Capacity

Her taxes rose the year after Bill died because she began filing as one person. The brackets did not change; her filing status did. The year-by-year table shows exactly where.

4 · Choices

The claiming comparison is marked Not applicable, and that is not a gap in her evidence. Her benefit is already awarded. There is no claiming decision left for us to compare.

You now know enough to know who to call

A Social Security claiming specialist — and the SSA itself, which will tell you free

“Would switching from my survivor benefit to my own record at 70 pay me more?”

It might, and it is a real strategy. Whether it does depends on your own earnings record, which this model does not hold and does not ask for. We would rather say that than estimate it.

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SAMPLE HOUSEHOLD · CALCULATED IN YOUR BROWSER
A print copy of everything below.
Your result in one sentenceProvisional · rests on 3 open inputs or assumptions
What the four states mean

How to read this report

Each result carries one of four states — a statement about the evidence behind the number, never a judgement about your finances.

Complete
Everything it needs was entered and is current.
Provisional
Calculable, but resting on a named estimate or gap.
Unavailable
Withheld on purpose — guessing would look trustworthy and be wrong.
Not applicable
Checked, and it does not apply to you.

A blank field is never read as a zero. If you never told us about a pension, this report says so.

This projection reaches age 100 with $255,079 still in savings.

Nothing in the model runs out inside the years you asked about. What follows is where that figure comes from, and what it rests on.

Arrives each month

$2,500

Social Security

You plan to spend

$4,200

$3,300 essentials + $700 extras

Comes from savings

$1,700

$20,675 a year, 5.2% of entered savings

ScenarioSingle-person retirement planSample household · illustrative figures
Born1960
Retire2024
Starting savings$400,000
Monthly spending$4,000
View throughAge 100
01

Where the money comes from

On the date you chose, what arrives and what do you plan to spend?

$0$1,240$2,480$3,720$4,959+$2,480Social Security$4,203$1,723Planned spendingeach month
  • Social Security
  • From savings

Read this as

About $2,500 arrives each month against $4,200 you plan to spend. The $1,700 difference comes out of savings.

Complete

Everything this result needs was entered, is current, and does not contradict anything else.

Show the workingThe three figures in full, the formula, and what is deliberately left out of this headline
Where you stand

Cash flow on August 31, 2026

Your chosen spending for the year$50,435
Complete

Everything this result needs was entered, is current, and does not contradict anything else.

Social Security$29,760/yrIn payment at this date
PensionNoneConfirmed by you
Other regular incomeNone enteredRental, part-time work, annuities
How this number was worked outThe rule, the published source, and the arithmetic — line by line

This figure uses no investment return and no inflation forecast. It is arithmetic on the amounts you entered, at the date you chose, in today's dollars.

How to read the bar: Blue shows income meeting part of the year's spending. Orange shows the amount drawn from savings. When income is $0, the bar is entirely orange.

income arriving at August 31, 2026
  Social Security                 $29,760
  pension                         $0
  other regular income            $0
                                  ------------
                                  $29,760

spending chosen for that year     $50,435

position = $29,760 - $50,435 = -$20,675 drawn from savings

What is not in here: tax on the withdrawal and the health premium are modelled elsewhere in the projection but are not netted into this headline. This page answers what arrives against what you plan to spend, and nothing more.

02

How long the savings last

How far do the savings you entered reach?

Savings hold through age 100, with $255,079 left

Age, from the first year of retirement

Read this as

You entered $400,000. At this pace it is still there at 100, with $255,079 left. The first year draws $20,675, 5.2% of it.

Complete

Everything this result needs was entered, is current, and does not contradict anything else.

Show the workingThe first-year draw two ways, the balances it is measured against, and the main inputs behind it

How much of your savings does your first year of spending use?

The same first-year draw, compared two ways

The model shows $20,675 coming from savings in the first year — 5.2% of the $400,000 you entered.

Complete

Everything this result needs was entered, is current, and does not contradict anything else.

The same first-year draw, compared with the savings you entered and the balance the model calculates for this report.
Compared withSavings balanceFirst-year drawSource
Savings you enteredWhat you told us you have$400,0005.2%Your input
Balance the model calculatesThe same balance at this point in the model$400,0005.2%Model calculation

Both rows show $400,000 because the model calculates the same balance at both comparison points. The second value is calculated, not copied from your input.

Why the numbers match. The model found the same balance at both comparison points, so the first-year draw is the same percentage of each.

Essential spending$39,600/yrStill has to be paid in a difficult year
Discretionary spending$8,400/yrThe part you could choose to cut back
Income against essentials alone75%Before touching savings
What shapes this scenarioThe main inputs behind your resultThese are the main inputs used to build this scenario. Each row explains how the model uses that input and shows one related result. The table does not rank the inputs or say which one matters most.
Monthly spending$4,000/mo
Model treatment

Base input is $4,000/mo; first-retirement modeled cost is about $4,203/mo after modeled additions.

Result signal

$1,723/mo is the first-year portfolio need before both claimed benefits begin.

Starting savings$400,000
Model treatment

Provides the initial funding base across taxable, tax-deferred, and Tax Advantage (Roth) accounts.

Result signal

$255,079 remains at the selected horizon in this path.

Social Security$0/mo at your stated age
Model treatment

Adds your modeled benefit when you claim.

Result signal

Social Security is modeled at $2,480/mo after your selected claiming age; this can differ from the entered reference amount.

Retirement timing2024
Model treatment

Sets the end of saving and the start of portfolio-funded spending.

Result signal

Funded through age 100 at the selected timeline.

Market assumptions8% retirement accounts; 3% taxable/cash
Model treatment

Retirement accounts and taxable/cash balances use separate growth assumptions; volatility affects the range test.

Result signal

12% volatility is used for the 300-path market stress test.

Inflation and tax2.5% inflation; AZ tax treatment
Model treatment

Future costs are reported in today’s dollars; modeled tax and IRMAA are added to spending where applicable.

Result signal

The tax result is a planning estimate, not a tax-return calculation.

Health costs$0/mo before Medicare; Medicare on
Model treatment

Health insurance, Medicare Part B, and applicable IRMAA can be added to modeled expense.

Result signal

Part D plan premiums, Medigap, and Medicare Advantage premiums are not included.

03

Your timeline

When does anything actually change?

20242026202820302032203420362038Work income stopsTax-deferred withdrawals beginYouSocial Security begins · $2,480/mo · 66Required withdrawals begin · 75Horizon · 1002060
  • Your choice
  • Automatic at that age
  • Happens to the whole plan
  • Health cover paid out of pocket · 1 year before Medicare
  • Axis breaks after 2039: nothing changes between there and the horizon
Retirement cash flow

How spending is funded

Monthly spending is covered by modeled income first, then by the account sources shown in the legend.

Showing: Today's $. Shown in today's dollars. Every year is measured at today's buying power, so each figure compares directly with your budget now. Inflation is already allowed for: a level amount is one that keeps pace with prices, not one that never rises.

Read this as

4 dated changes in income or cost between retirement and age 100. The first, in 2026: work income stops.

Complete

Everything this result needs was entered, is current, and does not contradict anything else.

Show the workingEvery dated change in income or cost, why it happens, and what health cover costs year by year
  • 2026 · you are 66 · your choice

    Work income stops. Withdrawals begin.

    From here $29,760 a year of income and $20,675 a year from your savings cover $50,435 of spending.

  • 2026 · you are 66 · your choice

    Social Security begins — $2,480 a month.

    The largest single change to what has to come out of savings.

  • 2030 · you are 70 · automatic

    Withdrawals start coming from tax-deferred savings.

    Taxable and cash accounts are close to exhausted. Money drawn from here is taxed as ordinary income.

  • 2035 · you are 75 · automatic

    Required minimum distributions begin.

    Born in 1960, your applicable age is 75 under current rules. A minimum amount must come out of tax-deferred accounts each year whether or not you need it.

Supporting: health coverage timelineWhat cover costs, year by year, and where the figure came from
What your healthcare actually costsProvisional

After 65 the model covers the Part B premium and income-related surcharges only. Part D, Medigap or Advantage, dental, vision and hearing sit outside these figures.

04

What changes the picture

Which single changes move this, and by how much?

What moves the answer mostOne change at a time, by size of effectEach row re-runs the whole model with a single input changed and nothing else touched. Ordering describes size, not preference: none of these is recommended.
  • Spending $500/mo less

    +$354,615 at age 100

    66100

    Monthly living expense $4,000 → $3,500

  • Your plan as entered
  • With this one change
  • Each re-runs the model with one input moved and everything else held. Modeled outcomes, not recommendations.

Read this as

Each card re-runs the whole model with one entry moved and everything else held exactly as you entered it. None of them is a recommendation. Stop 5 lets you move any of them yourself.

Complete

You selected both cases yourself, and both were run through the same model with everything else held constant. This describes a difference — it does not say which to pick.

Show the workingThe comparison you chose, all nine claiming ages side by side, and the questions worth taking to a professional
The comparison you choseMonthly spending: $4,000/mo against $3,800/moBoth cases run through the same model with everything else held constant. Neither is described here as better.
What changedYour planThe alternativeDifference
Monthly spending$4,000/mo$3,800/mo—
Modelled balance at age 100$255,079$429,548+$174,469
Modelled paths funded to age 10053%73%+19 pts

Both columns rest on the same assumptions, so the difference between them is more reliable than either figure on its own.

Supporting: comparing claiming agesAll nine claiming ages from 62 to 70, run through the same model
What your benefits are worth at different claiming agesNot applicable

Benefits are already in payment, so there is no claiming decision left to compare.

Questions worth taking to a professional
  • Taxable savings run out before your tax-deferred money is touched. Is there a withdrawal sequence that handles that transition better than taxable, then tax-deferred, then Roth?
  • You have $290,000 in tax-deferred savings and a stretch before required distributions begin. Does a Roth conversion belong in the conversation?
  • Long-term care is not in these numbers at all. What would it take to cover it, and is that a cost this plan could absorb?
05

Explore a different scenario

What happens if you change one of these yourself?

Move a control and the path redraws against your original

Interactive what-if

Explore a different scenario

Your original inputs stay unchanged.

Original scenario
Drag to explore a comfortable range, or enter an exact amount. Results update immediately as a valid value changes. You entered this as a split, so the change is taken off what you called discretionary first: this view is $3,300 essential plus $700 discretionary.
$/ mo
Unchanged
Your SS start ageHidden because you are already receiving Social Security. There is no remaining claiming-age decision to explore.
Changes the age shown in this comparison. The engine's long-life stress test still runs through age 100; this does not predict how long anyone will live.
Unchanged
Funded through age 100
Assets at 100$255,079
ChangeNo change
Original at 100$255,079
06

How sure we are

What could weaken all of this?

In 53 of every 100 modelled market histories, savings were still there at 100. In 47 they were not.

  • Still there at 100
  • Ran out before 100

Each dot stands for one in a hundred of the modelled paths, not for a year or a person. These are modelled outcomes under the entered return and volatility, not a forecast or a likelihood of your actual result.

Read this as

53 of every 100 modelled market histories still had savings at 100. Only the order the returns arrive in varies between them; every other assumption on this page is held.

Complete

Everything this result needs was entered, is current, and does not contradict anything else.

Show the workingThe risk you chose to look through, every open entry, and the stress test with the range of balances over time

3 figures in this report are estimates, defaults, or blanks rather than something you told us. 1 of them could move the picture materially.

You told us living longer worries you most

The funded-paths figures below are measured at a fixed age. Moving that age is the single clearest way to see what another decade would ask of this plan.

The ones that could move the picture.
What it isCurrentlyWhy it matters
Pre-Medicare health coverEntered factNot enteredA quoted premium. After 65 the model still covers Part B and surcharges only.
Long-term careEntered factDeliberately excludedNot modelled at all. For a household planning into their nineties, this is the largest single cost that could arrive and has no place in these numbers.
Tax-deferred and Roth growth rateYour assumption8% a year, 12% volatilityYou set this yourself. Every balance after the target date depends on it.
The rest of the ledger.
What it isCurrentlyWhy it matters
PensionEntered factConfirmed: none—
Dates on account balancesEntered factJanuary 31, 2026—
Exact dates of birth and claimEntered factMay 30, 1960—
Essential vs discretionary spendingYour assumption$3,300 + $700/mo—
Taxable account cost basisYour assumption70%—
DebtEntered factConfirmed: none—
Testing the plan against market ups and downsHow much could the result vary?Stress test: 300 different return scenarios, not 300 predictions of your future.
Weaker 10%Depletes around age 85
MedianFunded through age 100
Stronger 10%Funded through age 100

53% of modeled return paths stay funded through age 100. The model ran 300 paths using the entered 8% return and 12% volatility assumptions. These paths show how outcomes vary; they are not forecasts or probabilities about one specific future.

Balance range over timeP10–P90 modeled balance rangeThe shaded band contains the weaker-to-stronger 80% range; the line is the median path.
Order of returnsThe same returns, in two different ordersOne set of 35 yearly returns, averaging 6.3%, run best-first and then worst-first. Nothing else changes between the two columns.
Good years firstFunded through age 100$1,130,006 at age 100
Bad years firstDepletes at 75$0 at age 100

$1,130,006 separates the two at age 100, from ordering alone. The two paths begin to diverge at age 66. Poor returns early in retirement are withdrawn against a smaller balance, which the same returns arriving later do not do. This is one illustration, not a prediction.

Read the chart as a range of modeled account balances, not as a probability forecast. The 10th, 50th, and 90th percentile paths use the same seeded 300-path stress test summarized above.

View balance-range dataEvery fifth age, with the weaker, median and stronger paths side by side
AgeWeaker 10%MedianStronger 10%
66$400,000$400,000$400,000
70$287,103$387,121$498,990
75$202,565$355,954$604,246
80$106,753$340,218$623,236
85$3,099$291,391$700,152
90$0$230,867$727,196
95$0$155,770$840,998
100$0$61,061$803,302

Read that result carefully. A funded-paths figure is a property of the assumptions, not evidence that a plan is safe. Every one of those runs began from a 8% average return, every one included your other income arriving without fail, and none of them included long-term care, Part D, Medigap, or a cost basis different from the one entered. The test varies one thing — the order market returns arrive in — and holds every other uncertainty on this page fixed.

07

What would sharpen this

Which entries is this result still resting on?

What would sharpen this

One figure would sharpen this picture

Everything above rests on what you entered. These are the entries the model had to estimate or was never given. None of them is a criticism, and each one moves the result.

2 further entries are open but would move the picture less. All of them are listed in the ledger below.

  • Your assumption · Tax-deferred and Roth growth rate

    8% a year, 12% volatility

    You set this yourself. Every balance after the target date depends on it.

    Where to get itYour own account statements: the annualised return over the last five to ten years, and the volatility stated on the fund fact sheets.

08

How taxes and Medicare costs change over time

What does the plan pay in tax and Medicare surcharges each year, and why does that move?

Taxes and Medicare surcharges

What tax and surcharges cost each month, by age

Federal tax, capital gains tax, state tax and the Medicare income-related surcharge (IRMAA) in the selected projection, as monthly amounts.

Showing: Today's $. Shown in today's dollars. Every year is measured at today's buying power, so each figure compares directly with your budget now. Inflation is already allowed for: a level amount is one that keeps pace with prices, not one that never rises.

Why the chart has this shape
  • Required minimum distributions from tax-deferred accounts begin at age 75 for someone born in 1960. From then on the model withdraws at least the required amount each year, and that withdrawal is taxed as ordinary income whether or not the spending needs it.

Tax and surcharge figures are planning estimates, not filing calculations. Uses selected public IRS/SSA/CMS source material; Retireomics is not affiliated with or endorsed by any government agency.

Inspect the numbers

Every input, rule and simplification

Open any of these to check the working. Nothing in this report is hidden behind a score, and nothing here is a recommendation.

Your inputsEverything you entered, and the plan it describes

Retirement 2024; spending $4,000/mo; savings $400,000; Social Security ages 67/67.

How the result is builtThe order the model spends from, and what it does before retirement

Starting savings are split across taxable/cash $85,000, tax-deferred $290,000, and Tax Advantage (Roth) $25,000. Contributions continue until retirement when salary is entered; retirement spending is funded by modeled income first, then taxable/cash, tax-deferred, and Tax Advantage (Roth) balances.

Model rulesThe rules applied to this household, and the dollars everything is shown in

Projection through age 100 in this view; the engine stress test still runs through age 100; today's dollars; 300 Monte Carlo trials; account-specific withdrawal and tax treatment.

Not modeled, or simplifiedWhere the model stops, in its own words

Pre-retirement spending and income tax are not modeled. Medicare includes Part B and applicable IRMAA only; Part D plan premiums, Medigap, and Medicare Advantage premiums are not included. Tax, Social Security, and health estimates should be verified against your own documents.

Calculation traceEvery step from your entries to the figures above, with input, operation and result
  1. 1. Starting balance $400,000 total: $85,000 taxable/cash + $290,000 tax-deferred + $25,000 Tax Advantage (Roth) $400,000 enters the projection
  2. 2. Timeline Retirement year 2024: The model starts retirement withdrawals at age 64 and runs through age 100. Selected projection uses claim age 66
  3. 3. Income and cost First retired year 2026: $4,000/mo base spending + $203/mo modeled additions; income offsets the cost first. $2,480/mo modeled income; $4,203/mo total expense
  4. 4. Portfolio funding First retired year 2026: After modeled income, withdrawals use taxable/cash, then tax-deferred, then Tax Advantage (Roth); any remaining need is recorded as shortfall. $1,723/mo withdrawn; $0/mo shortfall
  5. 5. Selected endpoint Fixed 8.0% annual return path: Monthly balances, taxes, inflation, Medicare/IRMAA, and entered income rules are applied through age 100. $255,079 at age 100
  6. 6. Range test 300 seeded return paths: Each path varies annual returns around 8.0% using 12.0% volatility; the seed keeps the screen and PDF reproducible. 160 of 300 paths funded through age 100 (53%)

Their questions, answered

What the report told them

Every figure below comes from the report above — nothing here is worked out separately, and each answer links to the stop that shows how it was reached.

“Can I stay in the house?”

On these figures, probably — and probably is the honest word. The middle path leaves you funded past 100, and 160 of 300 paths do; the other 140 run out, the weakest tenth at around 85. What none of that includes is the house itself: no maintenance, no new roof, no change in property tax, no move. Spending $200 a month less lifts the funded paths from 53% to 73%, which tells you the size of the margin you are working inside.

2 · Capacity4 · Choices5 · Uncertainty

“Someone at church said I could switch to my own benefit at 70. Can I?”

Quite possibly — and this report cannot tell you. Switching from a survivor benefit to your own record is a real strategy, and survivor benefits sit outside the deemed-filing rules that would otherwise prevent it. Whether it pays you more depends on your own earnings record, which this model does not hold and never asked for. That is why the claiming comparison is marked Not applicable rather than filled in with an estimate. The SSA will tell you free, and it is worth the phone call.

4 · Choices

“My taxes went up the year after Bill died and nobody warned me. Why?”

Because you began filing as one person. Your income barely changed; the brackets did. A single filer’s standard deduction is $16,100 against $32,200 for a couple, and every band above it is narrower, so the same money is taxed harder. This projection begins after that change, so it shows the tax you pay now and cannot set the two years side by side. The rise was a rule, not a mistake — and nobody warning you about it is the ordinary experience, not bad luck.

2 · Capacity

What we could not tell them

Whether she should switch to her own benefit at 70. We do not model it, we do not hold the figures it needs, and a plausible-looking number here would be worth less than nothing to her.

Your turn

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